Sunspots (melasma) type spots are brown formations that are not congenital, usually seen on the face. It is more common in women than men. It is often bilateral and symmetrical in the facial region. Sunspot is histologically divided into superficial, deep and mixed types. Superficial sunspots respond better to treatment. Sunbathing, pregnancy, hormone treatments and birth control pills trigger sunspots.
Sunspot is a fairly common problem. The incidence is high in young women. It occurs more often in dark-skinned people. The cause is unknown. Thyroid diseases can often be seen in people with sunspots. However, a definite link between sunspot and thyroid diseases has not been established.
Sunspots on the face are usually observed in areas exposed to the sun such as the upper lip, cheeks and forehead. Rarely, it can occur on the chin and forearms. It manifests itself in the form of dark-colored, irregularly circumscribed spots on the skin that are not raised from the skin. Deep type sunspot can give blue-gray, mixed type sunspot brown-gray reflect. Sunspot usually tends to darken in summer and after tanning.
Wood’s lamb (ultraviolet lamp) can detect the depth of sunspot. If the stain becomes clear with Wood’s lamp, it is superficial, if there is no change, it is deep. Patients with sunspot, or melasma, should always use broad-spectrum sunscreen and stay away from artificial light sources such as solariums. Hormone drugs and birth control pills should not be used unless absolutely necessary.
How Does Sun Spots (Melasma) On The Face Pass?
Sun Spot (Melasma) Treatment: Spot creams, oral antioxidant pills, laser treatments and chemical peels used in the treatment of sunspot (melasma) can be used alone or together. Those suffering from sunspots (melasma) should regularly use sunscreen products with a factor of at least 30 every 4 hours during the day, in summer and winter. In addition, even when using sunscreen, one should not be exposed to too much direct sun, care should be taken to stay in the shade, and a hat and glasses should be worn. Care should be taken in the treatment of sunspot (melasma), ie melasma. When treating stains, very aggressive treatments should be avoided, which can trigger the stain.
laser treatments
Blemish lightening creams
Chemical peeling
Mesotherapy- PRP
Laser Sunspot (Melasma) Treatment: Lasers used in spot treatment are effective by peeling or destroying color cells (melanocytes).
Intense pulsed light (IPL),
Pulsed dye laser (510 nm),
Q-switched ND:YAG laser (1064 nm),
Fraxional lasers
Laser treatments can be used on such spots. However, be careful. An increase in spots or a reappearance of spots in a short time.
Cream for Sun Spots (Melasma): In sunspot treatment, drugs are generally used as creams. The substances used in the treatment of stains are effective in the treatment with different mechanisms. The main mechanisms of action of stain medications are:
Suppresses Tyrosinase enzyme, which is involved in the formation of color matter (melanin)
Prevents the passage of color matter (melanin) from melanocytes to other cells
Color cells damage melanocytes
Regenerates the skin (antioxidant cream and pills, retinoids, fruit acids)
Chemical Peeling for Facial Sunspots (Melasma): Fruit acid peelings and TCA peeling can be used in the treatment of blemishes. An average of 5 sessions of treatment are required at intervals of 1-4 weeks. Chemical peeling can be effective by renewing the skin and increasing the absorption of the stain drugs used. Chemical peeling should be applied carefully in people with dark skin. There may be an increase in stains in chemical peeling processes that go deep. Therefore, chemical peeling should be applied very carefully and should not be aggressive in order to peel the skin. It could backfire.
Mesotherapy and PRP for Facial Sunspots (Melasma): In the treatment of stains, injecting small amounts of substances such as vitamin C, glutathione, transexamic acid, pyruvic acid into the stain area under the skin can lighten the color of the stain. It is not a classical method and can be considered when other methods are not successful.
Plasma, that is, PRP method, can be successful in stain treatment when combined with laser for stain removal. In general, blemished parts of the skin are areas of skin that have been more damaged by the sun. In the treatment of stains with the PRP method, 3-4 sessions should be performed at intervals of 2 to 4 weeks. The combination of the PRP method, which repairs the skin intensively, and the spot lasers can provide the disappearance or reduction of spots. It also contributes to skin rejuvenation.
